Virtual Reality Versus Augmented Reality

Unit 4 Practice Evidence Record Diary 4. 1-Â During my time at position I have needed to urge kids to utilize assets in a sheltered and controlled manner. For instance while working outside in the settings back nursery the kids needed to play on the slide. We will compose a custom article test on Unit 4 Per Diary Task or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now For youngsters to play on the slide they should move up from the one side where there are steps. Anyway I ensured that I was close by on the off chance that a kid harms themselves. While supporting the youngsters I additionally permit myself to urge the kids to clutch the handrail permitting them to have a consistent equalization, keeping them from falling. Because of keeping youngsters protected and secure I am ready to recognize that I am assume to ask the kids not to hurry to quick and guarantee that I am giving positive guidelines to guide to alternate on the slide permitting all the kids to get an opportunity in playing on the slide I additionally directed the kids during the movement to ensure they were sheltered. It states in Tassoni. P ^et al^ Heinemann fourth release kid care and training store level 3 that P. Tassoni, 2007, page, 218 saysâ â health and wellbeing strategy this will give rules on the best way to keep youngsters, guardians and staff safe, for instance rules on giving over kids toward the finish of a meeting securely. Anyway this training shows that I am ready to follow all approaches and techniques, for example, the Health and Safety Work Act 1974 or the Equal open door strategy. Instructions to refer to Unit 4 Per Diary Task, Papers

Discuss and compare the five market orientations that a company may Essay

Examine and think about the five market directions that an organization may embrace when doing its advertising exercises. represent your answer with models - Essay Example To begin there was the Production Orientation. The focal point of this direction is to mass-produce effortlessly. A surely knew test of Product Orientation is the Ford Motor Company. Henry Ford added to the Model T Ford; an auto vehicle that hushed up cheap during its production2. This thing was mass made with the goal that the creation costs could be decreased enabling it to be progressively sensible to customers. One of the imperatives to this presentation is that new market hopefuls have the ability to reproduce the minimal effort mass thing ending up being coordinate contention and now and again practically showing others out of the business field. Besides, General Motors had made this common sense genuine to the spectators when it nearly kicked Model T Ford bankrupt. Taking after the Production direction was the Product direction. This sort of direction expects that customers will be pulled in to a thing that has the best execution, quality, and innovative features. The direction can regardless be seen to a great extent grinding away aural the Apple Company. Apple is praised for its present advancement progress, ceaselessly introducing new examples aural the cell phone industry. Apple focuses on making new things that customers do see the essentialness, and a while later markets these things as incredible must-haves3. In like manner, with every direction the thing direction has its weights. An obstacle to this direction is it might provoke showcasing nearsightedness. Showcasing nearsightedness is the course wherein associations misfire as a result of absence of concern and an absurd character set of totally understanding what business they are in. For instance, rail lines; be that as it may, delineations are evident today all finished, for instan ce, the day by day paper and telephones. Following the Product Orientation was the Sales Orientation. The Orientation specifies that with a particular ultimate objective to achieve huge volumes of yield it must focus seriously on deals advancement. This demeanor made

Argumentative Essay Samples - Pitfalls To Avoid!

Argumentative Essay Samples - Pitfalls To Avoid!In recent years, argumentative essay samples PDF technology has become very popular. Reason is that it is an easy way to come up with well-written and engaging essays in an instant. However, there are some possible pitfalls that you should avoid when using this technique. The tips below will help you avoid these pitfalls.A single source: First of all, you should not just copy arguments or examples from another argumentative essay samples PDF technology. You have to also make sure that the source is reliable. By reliable, I mean, if the source is not outright plagiarism, you should be able to find it out from its owner. A reliable source should be able to supply you with enough original content for you to improve your own work. A source should also be free from viruses and malware and you should be able to fix any problems on their websites.Using too many examples: Sometimes, you will find that many of the examples provided by the resour ce are not very persuasive. In such cases, the resource will provide you with many but are not persuasive enough. You should remember that in order to successfully use these resources, you should be able to find a single example that will produce an impact on your reader. For example, if the example is based on a famous speech, you should be able to find a memorable piece that you can use to successfully get across the points that you want to make. You should also be able to find a great example that you can easily modify and adapt into your own writing so that your message is always consistent.Not being careful about finding a questionable source: Once you find a questionable source, you should not let your guard down. The source is not necessarily illegitimate. You should instead make sure that you thoroughly check the source for proper grammar and spelling. You should check whether the content of the resource is grammatically correct and whether it is structured correctly. For th is, you can easily use internet forums or similar tools.Using unreliable sources: You should also be wary of the use of unreliable sources. You should only be concerned about the content of the resource. If you find that it is not coming from a reliable source, you should always be careful about using the resource since you may end up compromising your credibility as an authority on the topic.Avoiding repetition: Another pitfall that you should avoid is the use of the same resource. Although this is not necessarily against the rules, you should still be careful about it. You should not use the same resource more than three times. You should not use the same resource more than three times if you think that the content may be too similar to the previous resources. Finally, you should never use the same resource more than five times.When you use argumentative essay samples PDF technology, you will need to make sure that you are always careful about how you use the resource. In the end, this should help you to come up with original and persuasive essay articles that will impress your readers.

Human And Animal Cloning Should It Truly Beneficial

Human and Animal Cloning: Would it Truly be Beneficial In a generation where improving life is the main priority, the idea of cloning humans and animals in order to do just that remains extremely far-fetched, being opposed on scientific, economic, and ethical accounts. Admittedly, the idea of cloning, both animal and human, has the potential to cure diseases and create a healthier generation with a better quality of life. â€Å"Cloning technology is already here† and could â€Å"produce results that would be of enormous benefit to mankind† (â€Å"Pros† 1; Cohen 6). Clones could be created specifically to be compatible and provide healthy organs for transplantation to normal humans or animals with failing organs (Badertscher 2). Five pigs, cloned in 2005 in Blacksburg, Virginia show evidence of â€Å"harvesting organs for medical purposes† (â€Å"Pros† 13). Infertile parents could clone themselves and â€Å"create a younger twin of the mother or fa ther† instead of dealing with the current pains of infertility treatments (â€Å"Pros† 2). Cloning is speculated to find faster cures or treatment for medical conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and diabetes (â€Å"Pros† 1; Driscoll Griswold 2). In addition, the possibility of eliminating â€Å"defective genes† and â€Å"genetic mutations† caused by damaged DNA lines that are becoming more common as humans constantly reproduce surfaces with cloning. Healthy human cells could be cloned to eventually rid the â€Å"defective genes† (â€Å"Pros† 2). Cloning could truly be aShow MoreRelatedCloning, The, And False Interpretations Of Cloning1424 Words   |  6 PagesCloning, an ethical issue that has been pressed across the globe, has become a substantial debate throughout a majority of nations. The incorporation of a new type of reproduction in the United States has a plentiful amount of benefits for certain animals and ob jects, but duplicates of humans is hard to comprehend for many people across America. Currently, cloning is an interesting topic that could become a new way to improve reproduction of animals and humans, prevent diseases, and increase theRead MoreThe Science Of The Human Race909 Words   |  4 PagesThe world is vastly increasing its population and human beings are becoming more technologically advanced. Every year it seems like the next iPod is coming out. Before you know it the iPod 25 will be released. Consequently, all iPods before the new iPod 25 will become obsolete and soon discarded. The world is becoming a disproportionate place of buying new products and then to simultaneously to disregard the now out of date products. The world has reached a technological point where it has becomeRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cloning1028 Words   |  5 Pagesbill coming up that would allow taxpayer money to fund both therapeutic and reproductive for both animals and humans would benefit many of us. Vote yes on this bill to help support all the people who will eventually need it in their lifetime.Cloning has lots of purposes it helps cure infertility, it can help gay families have kids of their own, It also gives back pets that people have lost before. Cloning is a life changing situation that benefits for the greater. Meanwhile, many people are born orRead MoreFilm Reflection : Artificial Intelligence1052 Words   |  5 Pagesserving mankind in various ways, such as housekeeping, cleaning and even displaying love for them. They are created to be capable of simulating humans’ minds, thoughts and emotions. David is a a child-substitute Mecha, an artificial life form in the movie, which is produced by Cybertronics company of New Jersey. He is designed to fill the vacancy of human emotions. The Cybertronics company gives David to one of their employees - Henry and his wife Monica, whose son has a serious disease. David mimicsRead MoreThe Effects Of Advanced Humanoid Robots On Humans Minds, Thoughts And Emotions1014 Words   |  5 Pagesserving mankind in various ways, such as housekeeping, cleaning and even displaying love for them. They are created to be capable of simulating humans’ minds, thoughts and emotions. David is a a child-substitute Mecha, an artificial life form in the mo vie, which is produced by Cybertronics company of New Jersey. He is designed to fill the vacancy of human emotions. The Cybertronics company gives David to one of their employees - Henry and his wife Monica, whose son has a serious disease. David mimicsRead MoreShould Cloning Be Beneficial?784 Words   |  4 Pagesidea of cloning and do not have a problem with â€Å"making life† identical to what already exists. These individuals argue that cloning can and should be used for medical purposes, and can also provide nations with accessible clones to do â€Å"dirty jobs† or participate in the military forces in order to benefit the country. Others decide that cloning is justifiable in order to replace a deceased child or pet or to even enable infertile couples to have children. While many people agree that cloning can beRead More Medical Advances Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Advances Besides the computer revolution, medical advances have caused tension between faith and reason. The medical advances of the Twentieth Century have many beneficial effects for humanity. Diseases that used to be dangerous or life threatening, like mumps, measles, and whooping cough, are no longer worries in todays medical world. Tetanus, typhoid, and the bubonic plaque can now be treated with antibiotics or other medicines. Vaccines, especially the polio vaccine, freed many peopleRead More Cloning, Triumph or Tragedy? Essay1842 Words   |  8 PagesCloning, Triumph or Tragedy? The creation of life through scientific experiments is not a new concept. The idea has been in existence as far back as two hundred years. Mary Shelley was far ahead of her time when she brought the human like creature to life in her writing of Frankenstein, The Modern Prometheus. The story of Frankenstein was written as a myth, yet it continues to leave the world intrigued today. The idea of creating human or animal life is now in the making, except there isRead MoreThe Issue Of Stem Cell Research1675 Words   |  7 PagesWho are we to play God? and At what stage in development is a life considered a life? are two very common controversies surrounding stem cell research. Despite these controversies, the enormous potential of stem cell research must be considered beneficial to the world of science and medicine. Most of the issues regarding stem cell research revolve around ethics. The debate has been centered upon a life for a life. Religious advocates believe life begins at conception, upon the union of the spermRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human Cloning2096 Words   |  9 Pagesbodies, the human race stands easily as one of the most extraordinarily complex and mysterious species in the world. Since the beginning of time our race has been evolving with knowledge, constantly searching for a complete understanding of how we function, and how we can improve ourselves. Through various studies, researchers have thought of ways to modify the human body by means of medication, surgical procedures and other processes. One of these methods is through human reproductive cloning. The very

Comparing The Story of an Hour, by Kate Chopin and The...

The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and The Story of an Hour, by Kate Chopin are two very similar stories. Both women were controlled by their husbands who caused them to feel an intense desire for freedom. However, the women in the stories had different life experiences and different reactions to their own freedom as a result of their different personalities. Mrs. Mallard in The Story of an Hour had to deal with a sort of burden. Her husband had control over her body and soul. She felt that he lived her life for her and did not believe that anyone had the right to impose a private will on a fellow creature (Chopin). This control caused her to long for freedom from her husbands harsh behavior. Mrs. Mallard†¦show more content†¦The resulting grief because her husband was not dead was so intense that it killed her. In both stories the women?s husbands had direct control over their lives. In ?The Yellow Wallpaper? the narrator?s husband controlled her both mentally and physically. He does not allow her to have any sort of outside stimulation. She is virtually imprisoned in a bedroom, which is supposed to allow her to rest and recover from her bad health. She is forbidden to work and even write something she loves to do. In addition, visitors are not allowed. She says, ?It is so discouraging not to have any advice and companionship about my work?but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as to let me have those stimulating people about now?(Gilman). In ?The Yellow Wallpaper? it seems that the narrator wishes to drive her husband away, spending the entire time hoping for freedom. She explains, ?John is away all day, and even some nights when his cases are serious. I am glad my case is not serious? (Gilman). She is glad to see her husband away so that she may be left alone to do as she pleases without interference from her husband. She is frequently rebelling against her husband?s orders. She writes in her journal and tries to move her bed when there is no one around to see. However, she always keeps an eye out for someone coming. This oppressive nature results in an inferiority complex being developed by the narrator. The narrator is unable to express her opinionShow MoreRelated Comparing Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper; and Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1097 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper and Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour The Yellow Wallpaper;, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and The Story of an Hour;, by Kate Chopin, are alike in that both of the women in the stories were controlled by their husbands which caused them to feel an intense desire for freedom. Both stories were also written from a feminist point of view. However, the women in the stories had different life changes and different responses to theirRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour And Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesA Women’s Role in a Patriarchal Society During the 19th Century Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper are two of the first works of feminist literature in the 19th century. They were written at a time when a woman’s lot was characterized by gender inequality, with few legal, social, or political rights. In the 19th century women were constant victims of society’s ideals, defined as physically and intellectually weaker than men. Fathers and husbandsRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin And The Yellow Wallpaper1395 Words   |  6 PagesThe Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman written in the 1890s both reflect gender roles of this time, specifically women’s roles. In these stories both of the women are oppressed by their marriages, and by the end of the stories both wish to be rid of their husbands. Also, in both of these stories these women experience mental illnesses, mainly depression. These illnesses were l ooked at as something minor during this time, was it because psychologistsRead MoreWomen Of The Victorian Era2428 Words   |  10 Pagesthe ideology of feminine virtue that paralyzed many Victorian women. Some expressed their grievances against male authority, stereotypes about women, and their lack of power in political dilemmas by writing. Female authors such as Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin are leading feminist writers during the age of conflicts between the ideologies of â€Å"True Womanhood† and â€Å"Women’s Rights† and they both made it clear that they were going to work for the rights for themselves and all American womenRead MoreEffects of Thirdperson and First Person1197 Words   |  5 Pagesof Third Person and First Person Can the point of view in which a story is told really change its plot? When reading a story in the first person compared to the third person, one will have two different outlooks on the story. A story being told in the first person can be unreliable at points. It allows you to get inside the protagonists head and know what they are thinking, but you are only limited to their thoughts. While a story told in the third person gives you a little more freedom, you wont

Banned Or Not Essay Research Paper Banned free essay sample

Banned Or Not Essay, Research Paper Banned or Not? # 8220 ; Just say You gon na make what your mammy wouldn # 8217 ; t. First he put his thing up against my hip and kind of wriggle it about. Then he grab keep my breasts. Then he push his thing inside my *censored* . When that injury, I cry. He start to choke me, stating You better close up and acquire used to it. # 8221 ; ( Walker 1-2 ) If you as a parent took The Color Purple off the shelves and merely opened the book you would get down by reading the quotation mark supra. As a parent who merely opens the book and reads the first two pages, already, based on a snap judgement do non desire their kid to read this Pulitzer Prize winning novel by Alice Walker. The much talked about novel, The Color Purple, can be seen as controversial to many different groups of people. This book for some clip now has been under rating as to when if at anytime this book should be introduced to pupils. This book contains many different subjects that people may non grok and may merely see the different scenes as violative alternatively of researching the scenes for the deeper significance. One adult male in Tennessee declares. # 8220 ; I merely read plenty of the book to cognize I don # 8217 ; t want to read the book. # 8221 ; ( Holt 15 ) Is this a just judgement to be made? This fresh explores the journey of the chief character, Celie in her hunt to happen her true ego and detect the true significance of love. Some people find this fresh inappropriate because it goes beyond societies norms and explores many controversial subjects. Majority of statements against this book are based on personal feeling. They do non take into consideration the life lessons that are to be learned by reading this book. One adult female in Chattanooga, Tennessee says, # 8216 ; But this refuse they are dishin # 8217 ; out, I don # 8217 ; t appreciate it. It # 8217 ; s merely rubbish to me. # 8221 ; ( Chattanooga 162 ) This adult females # 8217 ; s claim for the grounds why she doesn # 8217 ; t like this book are based on how she feels, she doesn # 8217 ; t non back up her statement with any grounds. Bobby Wood claims that this book has # 8220 ; has societal delivering values # 8221 ; ( Chattanooga 162 ) but lacks to integrate what acceptable societal values are. The statements against this book are weak. Throughout this book there are many different subjects explored that may be viewed as violative to people if they merely look at the words and non the significance or relationship it has to the novel. This book explores the relationships with black work forces and adult females, inkinesss and Whites in general and both sexual geographic expedition and the sexual dealingss between work forces and adult females. The chief subject that gets the most contention is its explicit inside informations on the sex life of the chief character Celie. One specific illustration of one of the many controversial points is the thought of the sexual geographic expedition between the two chief female characters. To person who is merely looking at the face significance of this may happen this inappropriate for person to read. # 8220 ; Button? Finger and lingua? My face hot plenty to run itself. She say, Here, take this mirror and travel expression at yourself down at that place, I bet you have neer seen it, hold you? # 8221 ; ( Walker 81 ) If a parent of any kid were to merely open this book and read this subdivision entirely without any background you could see how it may upset them. However, when this is explored within the context of the book it doesn # 8217 ; t seen as inappropriate. When taken in position it is about the two chief characters, Shug demoing Celie that with love a sexual relationship can really intend something. Celie is used to holding sex with her hubby, whom she feels nil for, and non basking it or holding any fe eling. To Celie, Shug opens a new universe to her and shows her that she is loved and deserving something. That she can research herself without experiencing strange about it. Without the graphic inside informations, the novel could non be as strong and the reader could non se the difference in Celie every bit good. If this book merely obviously wrote that Shug taught me how to delight myself it would still make tumult, the fact that it goes into item merely shows the importance of this point in the novel. Along with the sexual geographic expedition in Celie the book besides takes gender to another degree. It explores the sexual dealingss between work forces and adult females. Like Celie explains to Shug in the book, she says she feels nil when her and her hubby have sex. In this novel it seems that for a adult female to hold sex with her hubby is merely another responsibility a married woman has to her hubby. # 8220 ; I say Mr.___ can state you, I don # 8217 ; t like it at all. He git up on you, burglarize your nightgown round your waist, dip in. Most times I pretend I ain # 8217 ; t at that place. He neer know the difference. Never ast me how I feel, nil. Merely make his concern, acquire off, and travel to sleep. # 8221 ; ( Walker 81 ) It is all right for a adult male to hold sex with is married woman whenever he pleases, whether she wants to or non. In this novel, sex is non seen as something beautiful shared between two people that love each other, like people are usually taught. The lone clip sex is seen as something that two people who care for each other enjoying is the controversial scenes between Celie and Shug. That is why there is such an accent around the scenes with the two of them. It is a really of import portion of the novel. In the bulk of the scenes sex is more like something forced onto a adult females, non a consensual act. As shown before the beginning of the book opens with a journal entry by Celie about how she was raped by whom she so thought was her male parent. This book opens with a controversial scene and continues throughout the book. This book was evidently written for groups of pupils who are mature plenty to manage speaking about sexual dealingss along with many other subjects this book covers. No instructor would merely do some 5th grader read this book. If that were the instance so the parents who do non desire there kids reading this book would hold a valid point. At that age kids are decidedly non ready to manage the stuff written in this book. However, the instructors who require pupils to read this book assign it to higher-level pupils in high school who are mature plenty to keep drawn-out and big conversations about the stuff presented in this book. Sexuality is a much talked about issue in this book, hence no instructor would necessitate this book if they did non experience the group they were learning could manage it ; if so a good part of this book would hold to stay un-talked about, doing it unpointed to read. This book in no manner should be banned from high school or college course of study. Some people say that this book should non be required to be read, but if a pupil should desire to pick it up on their ain and read it so that would be all right. What is the point of that? If a pupil is traveling to read this book anyhow, why non read in it the schoolroom where all the # 8220 ; controversial # 8221 ; points can be discussed and the deeper significances can be found. This manner the book can be seem more as a acquisition experience other than a rubbishy novel as some parents feel. 44e 1. # 8220 ; Chattanooga, Tennessee # 8221 ; Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom. ( Sept. 1989 ) : 162 2.Holt, Patricia # 8220 ; Introduction # 8221 ; Banned. Ed. Alice Walker. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books, 1996. 1-17 3.Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. New York: Pocket Books, 1982.

Is Euthanasia a Morally Wrong Choice for Terminal Patients

Abstract Making decisions on whether to end the life of terminally ill patients is shrouded in controversies and disagreements, and is seen as an unethical act. This paper attempts to make arguments in support of euthanasia as an alternative form of healthcare for terminally ill patients whose quality of life is significantly reduced due to the effects of such an illness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Is Euthanasia a Morally Wrong Choice for Terminal Patients? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper evaluates three perspectives in support of euthanasia: patient rights and autonomy, humanistic concern for patients’ happiness and utilitarianism view on the attainment of the highest happiness. Crucial evidence is drawn from real life and hypothetical cases to justify the arguments herein. It is imperative to note that the paper calls for euthanasia for only deserving patients, based on the quali ty of life, the terminal illnesses, patient’s consent and patients happiness. Additionally, the role of healthcare professionals becomes significantly important as it enhances professionalism as well as in helping to determine patients that deserve to be euthanized. Introduction End of life is one of the most critical periods in a person’s life, which becomes even more critical when terminal illness mediates the end of life process. Dealing with terminal illnesses is the hallmark of controversies surrounding the end of life process. As a result, various controversial views, such as assisting terminally ill patients in ending life, have emerged. Euthanasia, as assisted death is commonly referred to, generates debate, especially on ethical permissibility. . It is imperative to note that for both the opponents and proponents of euthanasia, the quality of life is usually the focal point, even though there is no agreement on the criteria of defining quality with regards to life. Nevertheless, there are situations in which euthanasia is not only justifiable but also the only ethically permissible act in alleviating pain for terminally ill patients. The paper evaluates three basic viewpoints for euthanasia and also attempts to justify the call for euthanasia through citing various forms of evidence.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Defining Euthanasia It is primarily assumed that healthcare is not only intended to eliminate human suffering but also to prolong life. Healthcare at the end of life has always been an issue of great controversy. Various treatment regimens, such as use of traditional treatment methods, seeking spiritual healing as well as science-based disease elimination methods have been developed (Buse, 2008). Suffice to state that the development of various treatment methods has also led to the emergence of legal, ethical and philosophical challenges (Munson, 1996). One such challenge is how to deal with terminal illnesses, with euthanasia increasingly becoming a preferred option. Euthanasia is shrouded in mystery and controversy. But defining it helps to address such controversies. The modern perception of euthanasia borrows from two Greek terminologies â€Å"‘eu’ implying good, and â€Å"thanasia’ implying death† (Coyle, 1992). Thus, while euthanasia refers to ‘good death’, a number of controversies emerge since euthanasia involves ending the life of an innocent person. Traditional treatment methods are not only intended to eliminate pain and suffering but also for the attainment of prolonged life. However, there are instances where treatment is ineffective or further prolongs a patient’s suffering. Some treatment methods also expose terminally ill patients to increased risk of death. In such cases, terminal illness diminishes the quality and the dignity of life, making a living more problematic. Death seems to be the only way through which terminally ill patients comes out of the unendurable situation (Irish Council for Bioethics, n.d.). Euthanasia can be defined within certain parameters. For instance, a terminally ill patient, despite being in an insufferable state and with minimal chances of recovery, may be unwilling to die. A physician may propose euthanasia, against the will of the patient, as the only treatment alternative. This is referred to as involuntary euthanasia. A terminally ill patient may also degenerate into vegetative state, thus unable to give consent on euthanasia. This is referred to as non-voluntary euthanasia and has faced stiff opposition, especially from religious-based organizations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Is Euthanasia a Morally Wrong Choice for Terminal Patients? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As opposed to invo luntary euthanasia, a patient may be willing to end suffering through death and may thus request for assistance to end life. This is referred to as voluntary euthanasia and is supported by humanists and human rights activists. A physician may withhold or omit treatment due to its ineffectiveness (Zdenkowski, 1996). While Zdenkowski (1996) refers to this as passive euthanasia Irish Council for Bioethics (n.d.) asks whether omission of treatment amounts to euthanasia. The definitions above portray euthanasia as an appropriate and necessary alternative for the elimination of human suffering for terminally ill patients. However, these definitions fail to exhaustively capture the confines within which euthanasia is said to be morally permissible. Thus, its appropriateness and moral permissibility is an issue that has continued to not only elicit sharp reactions from various quarters but also generate difficult questions. For instance, whether a terminally ill patient has an exclusive rig ht to determine the manner and the time of death, whether euthanasia diminishes the value of human life or whether euthanasia undermines the quality of healthcare are some of the major questions not sufficiently addressed through the definitions above. Nevertheless, an attempt is made to address some of the shortcomings in the section that follows. Major viewpoints in support of euthanasia Terminal illnesses are mostly irreversible. They also involve insufferable pain which reduces the quality and the integrity of life. Dealing with terminal illnesses is a complicated matter due to issues beyond human ability. Nevertheless, there are some instances where assisting terminally ill patients seems to be not only appropriate but also morally permissible. This generates numerous viewpoints, as seen below. Patient’s rights and free will In liberal societies, it is assumed that every individual has the right to make decisions regarding life without undue influence. It is also assumed that individuals have the right to access necessary information that allows them to make informed choices for their own benefit in a way that does not affect other people (Buse, 2008).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This right also involves determining the direction of ones life, and whether an individual has the right to choose to die incase circumstances, such as terminal illness, demand so. Supporters of this viewpoint argue that a terminally ill patient has the right to choose death as a possible treatment for an insufferable and irreversible condition. As such, it is generally perceived as an act of immorality to force terminally and chronically ill patients to live against their wish (CNBC News, 2011). Additionally, such an act is considered as denial and violation of personal rights, freedoms and liberties (Irish Council for Bioethics, n.d.; Humphry, 1991). Proponents of these views argue that a terminally ill patient has the right to determine where, when and how to die. However, this viewpoint is strongly opposed by religious-based organizations on assumption that an individual’s right to life is determined by God. Since terminally ill patients lack the power to determine when t hey are born, they also lack the right to determine how and when they die (Irish Council for Bioethics, n.d.). Opponents also argue that allowing an individual the right to choose when and how to die devalues God, life and God’s Devine will (Johnstone, 2008; Bowie and Bowie, 2004). Nevertheless, as Gorsuch (2009) argues God is compassionate and would not subject anyone to prolonged suffering in the form of terminal illnesses. Thus, it is within the rights of a terminally ill patient to choose to die immediately rather than live an intolerably, without upsetting the Will of God. Humanistic genuine care and concern for patients’ happiness The thoughts illustrated above indicate that both the liberal and religious-based authorities value the dignity of human life. Similarly, humanists portray significant care and concern for human life, but from a different perspective. Humanists argue for the quality and the dignity of human life and the search for personal happiness as the absolute goal in life. If a condition, such as terminal illness lowers the quality of human life, then patients are within their right to seek any form of treatment that alleviates pain and suffering (Kuupellomà ¤ki, 2000). Humanistic beliefs suggest good quality life, the search for happiness and absolute fulfillment as the utmost goals in life. Most of the terminal illnesses are chronic in nature and result to extreme pain through which no medication can reverse or alleviate. Additionally, terminally ill patients gradually degenerate into a vegetative state. Humanists argue that in such a condition, a patient is not in a humanly dignified state and that euthanasia is not only most appropriate but also an act of mercy. Mercy killing, despite opposition from religious-based organizations, becomes morally permissible. Those inclined towards conservative views with regards to mercy killing propose palliative care as the most ethical form of healthcare for terminally ill patients. Humanists, on the other hand, argue that while palliative healthcare prolongs life amid extreme pain and suffering, it nevertheless fails lessen patients suffering (de Casterlà ©, Verpoort, De Bal and Gastmans, 2006). As such, despite the best palliative care practices, terminally patients remain in a humanly indignified state (Musgrave and Soudry, 2000). While humanists argue that euthanasia remains to be the only morally permissible solution, de Casterlà © et al. (2006) assert that physicians ought to approach euthanasia with â€Å"active openness† since terminally ill patients â€Å"request for euthanasia out of fear and ignorance†. While â€Å"active openness† is likely to offer the terminally ill patients some level of emotional relief and reassurance, it is only applicable to self-conscious patients and not those in vegetative state. Nevertheless, whether vegetative or self-conscious, euthanasia seems to be the only morally permissible act, if terminal illness significantly reduces the quality of life (Verpoort, Gastmans and de Casterlà ©, 2004). Utilitarianism view on the attainment of the highness happiness The assertions made above show genuine concern for the quality of human life. Nevertheless, the ideal definition of quality with reference to terminally ill patients differs significantly depending on underlying perspective. Similarly, utilitarian thinkers argue that euthanasia is a morally permissible and merciful act aimed at not only easing a patient’s suffering but also for the attainment of the highest possible happiness. The utilitarian view of quality is perceived from the intrinsic considerations to end human suffering instead of prolonging suffering (Kasule, n.d.). Utilitarianism assumes that there is no pain and suffering in death and as such, terminally ill patients ought to be helped to attain such a painless state, if living becomes unbearable and irreversible. Additionally, death ought to be achieved in highest possible happiness. Therefore, delivering euthanasia ought to be as painless as possible (Edwards and Graber, 1988). Utilitarian views presuppose that there is a minimum standard under which life is said to be worth living. Should terminal illness lower the quality of life below the minimum standard, personal happiness is jeopardized and therefore judgment ought to be made on whether living is necessary or not. Utilitarian thinkers argue that the judgment process is mostly subjective. As such, it is possible to euthanize undeserving patients or deny euthanasia to deserving ones. Nevertheless, utilitarian euthanasia seems appropriate where pain and suffering significantly deteriorates, is irreversible, and lowers the quality of life making living unbearable. Putting terminally ill patients under palliative care only leads to a slow, painful and indignified death. Since every person deserves to die in dignity and happiness, euthanasia is the only morally permissible act throug h which this is attained (Singer, 1993). Approaches and evidences for euthanasia To support the assertions made above, it is imperative to cite crucial evidence that validates the views made therein. Consequently, it is also imperative to enumerate a number of approaches made by the authors. Three major approaches seem to be overarching. Personal liberty and autonomy in making end of life decision, the role of healthcare professionals as well as the attainment of positive balance between suffering and personal happiness are the three overarching approaches adopted by the authors herein. Crucial evidence is derived from survey reports, real-life as well as hypothetical cases. Healthcare, personal liberty and autonomy at the end of life End of life is one of the most important periods in a person’s life. Matters involving end of life are critical and therefore, involvement of each individual in making decision regarding healthcare at the end of life is crucial (Buse, 2008). Mos t terminal illnesses involve insufferable pain that significantly lowers the quality of life. In humanistic view, such patients live and die in conditions not humanly dignified (Musgrave and Soudry, 2000). As such, request for euthanasia by patients in such conditions ought to be respected and granted (Kuupellomà ¤ki, 2000; Bowie and Bowie, 2004). Such conclusions have been arrived at based on varied evidence gathered form existing cases. For instance, the right and autonomy of terminally ill patients are highlighted through Sue Rodriguez, a Canadian woman suffering from Lou Gehrig’s disease, an extremely painful and irreversible condition. The doctors had agreed to her request for euthanasia, but The Canadian Justice System refused Miss Rodriguez the right to die and effectively prolonged her suffering, leading to a slow, painful death (CNBC News, 2011). In light of Miss Rodriguez’s case, questions linger on the applicability of personal liberty and autonomy for term inally ill patients lacking self-consciousness, such as Louis Repouille’s son. Described as ‘incurably imbecile’, Repouille’s son was said to be as good as dead. Singer (1993) asserts that such patients have the right to die in dignity and that doctors have an obligation to deliver euthanasia for such patients. While unconsciousness waives the right to life, assisting terminally ill patients in ending life does not amount to violation of personal liberty and autonomy (Singer, 1993). The role of healthcare professionals in the delivery of euthanasia Miss Rodriguez’s case exposes critical issues, such as the role of healthcare professionals in the delivery of euthanasia. A study conducted by de Casterlà © et al. (2006) in Belgium indicates that euthanasia is only ethical if healthcare professionals are actively involved in its delivery. de Casterlà © et al. (2006) study focuses on 12 healthcare givers and reveals that the role of healthcare profess ionals is not to limited to technical elements of euthanasia; it also involves offering professional and emotional support to patients and families. Additionally, healthcare professionals have an obligation to help terminally ill patients understand euthanasia and the underlying implications. This helps terminally ill patients and their relatives to obtain relief and assurance at the end of life (Verpoort, Gastmans and de Casterlà ©, 2004). Singer’s (1993) text further alludes to the active role that healthcare professionals ought to undertake in ensuring that euthanasia is delivered within professional and ethical boundaries. Singer (1993) cites George Zygmaniak example; Zygmaniak was completely paralyzed by a motor accident and as a result, his life became unbearably painful. Zygmaniak’s brother, upon request by Zygmaniak, smuggled a gun in the hospital and killed Zygmaniak. While this constitutes voluntary euthanasia, it was nevertheless conducted unethically since no professional healthcare provider was actively involved in euthanizing Zygmaniak. The principle of positive balance between suffering and personal happiness Humanist and utilitarian thinkers portray genuine concern for the welfare of the terminally ill. They acknowledge that the pursuit of personal happiness is the absolute goal in life. Since extreme pain significantly lowers the quality of life, the balance â€Å"between misery and suffering† seems relevance (Singer, 1993; Kasule, n.d.). The call for euthanasia is thus necessitated by condition in which suffering supersedes happiness (Edwards and Graber, 1988). In arriving at such conclusions, Singer (1993) cites several hypothetical situations, such a child suffering from spina bifida, a condition that affects the spinal cord, subsequently lowering nerve activity. In moderate cases, a child requires more than 40 surgeries to sustain life, while in extreme cases no medical intervention improves the quality of life. A mod erate case of spina bifida may not necessarily require euthanasia since the child may experience a high balance of happiness as compared to the level of suffering. On the other hand, extreme cases experience a higher level of suffering as compared to happiness and as such is deserving of euthanasia. The balance of happiness and suffering is also alluded to in Miss Rodriguez case; her condition involved extreme and irreversible pain that significantly reduced the level of personal happiness. Making end of life decisions, especially with regards to end of life healthcare is a personal prerogative. As such, in staking a claim for euthanasia defending the autonomy of a terminally ill patient in determining when, where and how to die is crucial. But it is also important to consider the balance between suffering and happiness and only allow euthanasia for those patients in insufferable and irreversibly painful states. To ensure that euthanasia is delivered within professional and ethical parameters, it is also important to enlist the help of healthcare professionals. This ensures that euthanasia is not only conducted ethically and professionally but delivered only to those patients for whom euthanasia is the only way to alleviate pain and suffering. Conclusion Euthanasia involves ending the life of innocent persons. Nevertheless, this does not necessarily make it unethical. Terminal illnesses involve extreme pain and suffering, which significantly lowers the quality of life. A terminally ill patient is thus justified to request for euthanasia, if living is cumbersome and insufferable. However, in granting the request for euthanasia, there is need to enlist the help of healthcare professionals, whose role extends beyond providing crucial information to offering professional as well as emotional support. Additionally, healthcare professionals ought to be involved in the delivery of euthanasia to ensure that the dignity of life is respected in the process. Furthermore, the involvement of healthcare professionals is vital in determining which patients deserve to be euthanized. This does not necessarily imply that all terminally ill patients deserve to be euthanatized. While patients consent is crucial, is imperative to consider several other factors such as the happiness of the patient, the quality of life, the chances of recovery and the method through which euthanasia is to be delivered. All these issues ought to be considered in determining the balance between happiness and suffering. Only in those cases where the scale of suffering significantly outweighs the scale of happiness qualify for euthanasia. Therefore, euthanasia is moral. Reference List Bowie, B. and Bowie, A. (2004). Ethical studies: euthanasia. London: Neslon Thornes Buse, A. (2008). Euthanasia: forms and their differences. Berlin: GRIN Verlag CNBC News. (2011). The Fight for the Right to Die. CNBC Canada. 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Human rights and euthanasia: an occasional paper of the human rights and equal opportunity. Retrieved from http://www.hreoc.gov.au/pdf/h uman_rights/euthanasia.pdf This research paper on Is Euthanasia a Morally Wrong Choice for Terminal Patients? was written and submitted by user Karis R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.